Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Principles of Economics - Essay Example For example, this figure is equivalent to 9% of the German and 8% of the United States’ per capita GDP. Furthermore, in terms of nature of resources, China has somewhat a small holds of resources based on per capita criteria, which is not even comparable to a developed country of a modest character. These facts reveal the extent of the economic gap between China and the developed countries, which sets it trailing behind (Wolf, 2005). To sustain the country on an economic growth path, the Chinese Government has the responsibility of making significant policy adjustments. These policies should be aimed at transitioning the country from middle-income to high-income status. This includes finding measures to address the social and environment imbalances, improving the access to healthcare and education, setting targets to reduce pollution, expanding social protection, and increasing the country’s energy efficiency (Wolf, 2005). The government should also make efforts to disc over a new road to industrialization, and modify the approach of economic development by developing a circular economy, changing the industrial structure, improving the traditional industries and supporting the strategic and emerging industries. The government of China should also promote use of information technology to support industrialization, which in turn can spur the country’s competitive advantage especially in respect to its expansive manufacturing industry. It would also be extremely important for the government of China to continue focusing on its regional development strategies, including turning around the tendency of widening regional economic gap such as supporting the development of the western regions. The idea of supporting development on certain priority zones can be achieved by setting the national spatial development in an orderly and coordinated manner, which should also include coordinating between urban and rural areas development (Sun, 2003). Question 2 When we say that we are engaged in a ‘global economy’, we mean that we are engaged in economic activities that are beyond a particular country’s borders. This includes a situation where international corporations stop relying on production within the mother country and extend their activities to many countries around the world. The global economy is concerned with globalization of production in areas such as finance, markets, labor force and communications (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). When we talk of free trade, we are referring to a situation where the government of a certain nation eliminates all the artificial barriers to trade, which are usually established to protect the domestic producers from competition from the international market, particularly originating from the trading nations. Free trade is known to increase production because nations are given an opportunity to concentrate in production of those products that they have a competitive advantage. This e nables countries to enjoy efficiencies that come from increased output and economies of scale. Free trade also promotes the efficiency of resource allocation hence spurring production efficiency. This is because individual countries are able to exercise efficient use of resources, which potentially results to higher output (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). On the other hand, despite the many benefits, there a number of disadvantages associated with free trade. This includes creation of structural unemployment as a result of removal of trade

Dream Is A Work Essay Example for Free

Dream Is A Work Essay A dream is a work of art which requires of the dreamer no particular talent, special training, or technical competence. Dreaming is a creative enterprise in which all may and most do participate. – Clark S. Hall Dreams Nightmares I.introduction I. Dreams are the touchstones of our characters. Henry David Thoreau Have you ever been curious about what your dreams and nightmares actually mean? Dreams can be mysterious, but understanding the meaning of our dreams can be downright baffling. The content of our dreams can shift suddenly, feature bizarre elements or frighten us with terrifying imagery. The fact that dreams can be so rich and compelling is what causes many to believe that there must be some meaning to our dreams. People have always been fascinated by their secret night-time journeys. Over the years there have been many theories as to why we dream and the function dreams serve. II. What is a dream? – What is a nightmare Nightmare’s distinction is its frightening and emotional content. People wake up in fear in the middle of a nightmare. Because of this, you are more likely to remember your nightmares than your good dream. Studies have said that sensiive people are more prone to nightmares because of of their empathetic surroundings. Dream is a series of images, thoughts, or emotions passing through the mind during sleep. We all experience dreams while we sleep III. Facts about Dreams Dreams can be fascinating, exciting, terrifying or just plain weird. 1. Everybody Dreams 2. But You Forget Most of Your Dreams We forget most of our dreams just right after waking up because of our brain condition while were asleep. Although most dreams vanish, certain ones tend to remain. These dreams were so beautiful or bizarre, they captured our attention and increased activity in our DLPFC. Thus, the more impressive your dream or thought, the more likely you are to remember it. How to understand what your dreams mean The symbolism in dreams is often simply borrowed from recent events. The first time the above dream occurred was after the woman had been watching a television programme about sailing. The symbols are rather arbitrary; it is the feelings in the dream which hold the key to unlocking dreams and what they mean. The feelings in the dream are usually an exaggeration of feelings from the real-life issue which caused the dream. If you feel terror in the dream think of when recently, in your waking life, you felt a little frightened. Or if you laugh hysterically during a dream look for a recent time when you found something funny but were maybe constrained from laughing too uproariously. When you find the dreams match it often feels like a clicking into place like a perception rather than an intellectualisation. When you astral project, your astral self is leaving your physical, corporeal body and roaming around on the astral plane. If that’s happening to you, you are extremely aware that it’s happening. It’s not something that happens unconsciously. So, a true astral projection is when you leave your body and you maintain your awareness in your astral body while your physical body stays prone and asleep. So, that being said, however, what happens at night is your astral body becomes aware, it sort of wakes up, but it doesn’t necessarily leave your body. In that way, I could see why you’re asking â€Å"Does the astral body hover over the body while sleeping?† I can tell you that during the times that I have astral projected and gone to visit friends I can see their astral bodies moving out of phase with their physical bodies. So, usually I see a person’s head coming out of their physical head. So, I kind of see their incorporeal head here – their astral head – and their physical head just underneath them. And they usually look pretty shocked. I don’t know if that’s because they’re sensing my presence or that’s how it looks normally. I would have no way to tell, but I can tell you that the astral self does move out of phase a little bit from the physical body while we sleep. At least from what I have seen. This would make sense to me, because when we sleep our bodies are going into sort of a hibernation that allows our astral self – our astral body – to separate and explore if it wants to. If we want to. Always remember that you are attached to your corporeal body with your astral cord, which is what helps you get back into your body after you’ve been out for a while. You don’t want that to get severed . That’s the end of the show if that happens. So, yes, I would say it’s true that every time you sleep your astral body becomes aware, that it is free to move around, but a true astral separation you would be very, very aware of. It would not be something that you’d forget. So I would say that yes, there is some astral activity every night when you sleep, but probably not a full separation. Good question. If you liked this article, sign up to receive free updates. - Top of Form The difference would depend on how you feel about the dream upon waking and what you see as a nightmare. A nightmare is more typically something dreamt where you may well have a conscious recollection of a specific terror. Being pursued by a relentless creature or thing that would harm you, for instance. What you describe may have more to do with a bad dream that is based on some conflict in your life. You dont name any particular thing that you recall of the dream, so the dreams may be more to do with a waking issue almost literally fighting wakefulness. We pass through an odd world of twighlight as we emerge from sleep. Dreams happen mostly just before waking and in a way we often drag them with us. The waking experience itself can be disturbing enough to a pleasant dream to generate the response you describe in some people. As we awaken we can go through a semi-waking awareness of sleep paralysis and some can fight that, lash out as if they are restrained by something unwanted. As the mind comes awake the muscles release this and begin to work on command and we lose our grip on the dream: perhaps even a nice one. Stuff to fight over? Depends on how you feel. If nightmares it is odd that you dont mention specific details. This really sound more related to a waking issue as sleep is released a combination of physical and mental influences driving an agitated response. In the past, when we didnt know the importance of the meaning of dreams, they were undervalued by everyone. Today we know that our dreams are very important not only because they show us a live map of what is happening inside our psyche, but because they give us objective information and guidance about everything that happens in our lives. How can your dreams help you? You have to start keeping a dream journal and a diary where youll take notes of the most important events of the day to begin receiving the help you require. Study the dream language according to the scientific method of dream interpretation the same way you study any foreign language, so that you may easily learn how to translate the dream images into words that make sense to your conscious mind. Your dreams usually talk about you and your life, especially in the beginning of your occupation with dream translation. Later they will give you information about other people and everything else you care about. This is why your diary will help you understand the dream messages. The unconscious mind that produces your dreams sends you answers to your questions in dream messages, information about the things that most worry you, and explanations about what is happening in your life. When you are worried about the results of your tests, the unconscious mind will relieve your anxiety by showi ng you that everything will be fine. When you are making mistakes, the unconscious mind will send you dream images about the past. You will see yourself as you were when you were younger, because you will be repeating a maladaptive behavior that characterized your personality when you were still immature. For example, in the previous day if you were thinking about quitting your job youll understand that the unconscious mind is sending you a warning. You must not be irresponsible like you were when you were a teen. You need this job and you should forget the idea about abandoning it. The unconscious mind will help you find a better job if this is the case, but you should be patient. Work where you are now, and learn everything you can. Tomorrow you may need the experience youll acquire for working in this job, or the good references youll have from there in order to work in a higher position there or somewhere else. You will see dream symbols that have a positive meaning in your dreams after making some progress in dream interpretation, and after transforming your personality to a degree. The personality change is a positive result of dream therapy. Then you may see that you have found a key in a dream. This dream symbol shows you that you have finally found the solution you needed in order to solve a difficult problem. You only need to learn the meaning of the most important dream symbols and understand how the information contained in your dreams helps you correct mistakes in your behavior or eliminate illogical concepts and bad ideas you have formulated to effectively change your life in a positive and rewarding way. In the beginning you should write all your dreams down and compare one dream to another, analyzing an entire dream collection, so that you may really learn the dream language. Once you get used with it, youll automatically translate all dream images into words, immediately understanding the dream messages. Christina Sponias continued Carl Jungs research into the human psyche, discovering the cure for all mental illnesses, and simplifying the scientific method of dream interpretation that teaches you how to exactly translate the meaning of your dreams, so that you can find health, wisdom and happiness.

Symbols: The Essential Element :: Literary Analysis, Native Son

Symbols: the basis of all literary works. Without symbols books become boring and lifeless. Symbols assist the reader in discovering a deeper meaning. In Richard Wright’s novel, Native Son, symbols are used to show death, faith and living in a white run world. In the first book, readers are introduced to the rat. Bigger is shown attempting to destroy the rat. When the rat is deceased, he appears as a â€Å"flat black body†¦ [with] two yellow tusks† (6). With this death, Bigger’s murder streak starts. In the gruesome death of the rat, the ghastly deaths of Mary Dalton and Bessie Mears are foreshadowed. Mary’s death- while not gruesome at first- then turns suddenly violent when Bigger â€Å"sawed the blade into the flesh†¦ [and] sent the blade of the hatchet into the bone of the throat† (92). Though Mary initially died by suffocation, her head being chopped off is as disturbing as the death of the rat. However, Bessie’s death was terrifying from the start. Bessie was murdered in the most atrocious manner. Bessie is not only raped, but bludgeoned to death by Bigger â€Å"[lifting] the brick again and again† (237). Bessie’s appalling death is the worst of all the deaths. Bessie appear s to have done nothing wrong yet she is murdered at the hands of Bigger out of fear. Wright’s use of the rat as a symbol shows how death is a horrendous event in life. Wright’s use of the cross helps readers recognize faith. After Bigger is arrested, he is soon visited by his mother’s preacher, Reverend Hammond. The reverend visits Bigger in an attempt to convince him that he must have faith in God. After praying for Bigger, Reverend Hammond â€Å"[draws] from his pocket a wooden cross with a chain upon it† (286). The Reverend then placed it around Bigger’s neck where it â€Å"[hangs] next to the skin of Bigger’s chest† (286). The cross presented to Bigger is Hammond’s attempt at forcing Bigger to believe and hope for something better. The cross is once again seen when Bigger is leaving the Dalton home, yet this time it is in a negative light. As Bigger exits the Dalton home, he sees a â€Å"[looming]†¦ burning cross† (337). Bigger then questions if â€Å"white people [wanted] him to love Jesus too† (337). It is not until people are yelling at him that this is a cross of hate, not love and faith. When Bigger returns to the van he â€Å"[grips] the cross and [snatches] it from his throat† (338).

Physics Dot Points Prelim

Physics syllabus dot point summary Nathan Kulmar 8. 2. 1. 1 describe the energy transformations required in one of the following: – mobile telephone – fax/modem – radio and television Energy is stored as chemical energy in the phone’s battery. Chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy to operate the phone.The microphone converts sound energy in to electrical energy. Antanna converts electrical to electromagnetic energy to send a siginal. The receiver speaker converts electric energy in to sound energy. 8. 2. 1. 2 describe waves as a transfer of energy disturbance that may occur in one, two or three dimensions, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium The energy from waves may spread out as a disturbance in Dimension- Energy travels in a straight line from the source 2 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in a plane or surface 3 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in to space surrounding the source in all directions 8.2. 1. 3 identify that mechan ical waves require a medium for propagation while electromagnetic waves do not Mechanical waves: require a medium, solid, liquid or gas to transfer energy. Electromagnetic waves: which don’t require a medium for transfer of energy. 8. 2. 1. define and apply the following terms to the wave model: medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, frequency, wavelength, velocity Medium: is what isn’t need for the electromagnetic spectrum to travel. Displacement: the distance from the point of equilibrium to the wave Amplitude: the distance to the point of maximum displacement Period: time taken o complete a single wave length Compression: an area where partials are pushed togetherRarefaction: point where a partial reaches it’s maximum displacement vertically down Crest: the point where a partial reaches it’s maximum displacement vertically up Trough: the point where a partial reaches itâ⠂¬â„¢s maximum displacement vertically down Transverse waves: the direction of travel is at right angles to the oscillation (figure 2) Longitudinal waves: the direction of travel is parallel to the oscillation (figure 1) Frequency: the number of oscillations that pass a point in a second.V. remoteMissilesNight visibility gogglesSoft tissue treatment| Microwaves| Antenna| MobilesSending info. Cooking| Radio waves| Antenna| CommunicationAstronomy| 8. 2. 3. 4 explain that the relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation and distance from a source is an example of the inverse square law I? 1d2 The intensity of the electromagnetic radiation is proportional to 1 divided by the distance squared. As the waves travel further from the point of origin they spread out and become less intense. I=k/d2 I=intensity k=constant d= distance 8. 2. 3. outline how the modulation of amplitude or frequency of visible light, microwaves and/or radio waves can be used to transmit informatio n Information is converted into a wave and then placed on a carrier wave. It uses the properties of superposition to place the wave on to the carrier wave. Digital is made up of a series of one’s and zero’s. Digital encoding is made in to binary and are transmitted via light, microwaves, television waves and waves from the electromagnetic spectrum. There are two types of analogue transition one is AM. AM stands for Amplitude Modulation.This works by a using a high frequency carrier wave which has the modulation signal placed on it. Frequency will remain the same but amplitude will change. The other Form is FM. This stands for Frequency Modulation. A wave is frequency is chosen as the carrier wave and the modulation signal is placed on the carrier wave. Amplitude stays the same. 8. 2. 3. 6 discuss problems produced by the limited range of the electromagnetic spectrum available for communication purposes All EMR (electromagnetic radiation) will suffer attenuation (reduct ion in intensity) as they pass through the atmosphere or any other material.As the earth is bombarded with UV radiation from the sun the ionosphere becomes charged. This can cause problems such as ghosting which is a double image on your T. V. screen. Also large portions of EMR are unable to be used because they are too dangerous such as Gamma-rays and X-rays. Ultraviolet and visible are too difficult to produce and encounter too much interference. Near infrared and infrared also have difficult because of impurities in optical fibbers will absorbed the light. Microwaves and T. V. waves require line of sight to be practical. . 2. 4. 1 describe and apply the law of reflection and explain the effect of reflection from a plane surface on waves Electromagnetic waves may be reflected from a plane surface and they must obey the Law of Reflection: Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection Incident ray, reflected ray and normal must all be in the same plane. 8. 2. 4. 2 describe ways in which applications of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer Light is used in optical fibbers to transmit data.The light is reflected off the inside of the glass tube and can carry multiple messages at the same time in a single fibber. Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to that they can travel a longer distance. Microwaves send transitions to satellites where they are reflected back through the atmosphere to earth. 8. 2. 4. 3 describe one application of reflection Plane surfaces Mirrors. They allow people to look at their bodies without distortion. Concave surfaces Satellite dishes. They focus incoming rays to a single point called the focus and energised the signal at this point. Convex surface Rear vision mirrors.They allow a large field of view in a small area but will give the viewer a false scene of distance Radio waves being reflected by the ionosphere Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to provide a greater distance to which a listener can be from the source of the broadcast. 8. 2. 4. 4 explain that refraction is related to the velocities of a wave in different media and outline how this may result in the bending of a wavefront Refraction is the phenomenon where waves appear to bend as the waves pass from one medium to another. If wavefronts strike a boundary at any other angle other than 90 ° than a change of speed will occur.If a wave goes from one medium to another and the speed is lower than it will bend towards the normal. If it goes into a medium where the speed is faster than it will bend away from the normal. The waves bend because the incident ray first strikes the medium it slows down and the rest of the ray continues at the same speed until it makes contact with the medium. It is the wavelength that changes not the frequency. 8. 2. 4. 5 define refractive index in terms of changes in the velocity of a wave in passing from one medium to another The refractive index is the ra tio of the two wave velocities during the efraction. The refractive index is a measure of how much the light bends. 8. 2. 4. 6 define Snell’s Law: V1V2=sin isin r V1 and V2 are the speeds of the waves in wave in the different mediums. Sin i is the angle of incidence and sin r is the angle of reflection. It is the relationship between speed, wavelength and angles of incidence refraction was determined experimentally by Willebrorod Snell and is known as Snell’s law. 8. 2. 4. 7 identify the conditions necessary for total internal reflection with reference to the critical angle If the critical angle is reached than the angle or reflection is 90 °.When the critical angle is exceeded than the light can’t escape and total internal refraction occurs. The light must be travelling from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index. 8. 2. 4. 8 outline how total internal reflection is used in optical fibres Optical fibres are one application of total internal refraction. They are made of high purity glass, the central region is called the core and the outer region called the cladding. The cladding confines the light to the core and thus must have a lower refractive index than the core.Once information is digitally encoded, at the transmitting end, the signal is converted from electrical energy to light energy and then transmitted along the optical fibre. The information is sent as a series of coded pulses of light. The pulse is either on or off. At the receiving end it is decoded. 8. 2. 5. 1 identify types of communication data that are stored or transmitted in digital form CD ROMs (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) these discs store data in digitised form as tiny bits. They are read using a low power laser beam. They cannot be edited and are read only.They are fairly slow to read and can only store 8000Mbytes DVD (Digital Versatile Discs) these disks can hole 5 billion bytes of data, thus making possible the storage of m emory consuming movie length video and sound. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) this worldwide system uses a fleet of 24 satellites that transmit signals constantly. A GPS system, few hundred dollars, can interact with the satellite to pinpoint your latitude, longitude and altitude with in 50m. 8. 3. 1. 1 discuss how the main sources of domestic energy have changed over time.The sources of domestic energy have changed rapidly over time: * 50,000 BC: control of fire: cooking and heating * 10,000 BC: domestication of animals: animal power for transport and ploughing. * 3,000 BC: wind and water power: sailing boats and windmills * 1750 AD: burning of coal begins to replace wood. Steam engines, trains, steam, ships. * 1780-1800: scientific investigations of the properties of electricity. Conflicting theories, scientific curiosity small amounts of energy in batteries. * 1830’s: discover how to generate electricity using a â€Å"dynamo† (generator).Still used in scientific la bs. * 1880-1910: a flood of inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, gramophone and radio were create with electricity. * 1950- : all industrialized nations had become totally converted to electricity for domestic power. 8. 3. 1. 2 assess some of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to, sources of energy for a community Some impacts of charges in sources of energy are: * The use of coal has had a particularly large impact on our society. * Coal burns hot fires to make steel and other metals. Steel major factor that lead to the industrial revolution. * Coal lead to the development of the steam engine. * Pollution and global warming was created. 8. 3. 1. 3 discuss some of the ways in which electricity can be provided in remote locations Use small generators that rotate a coil by a petrol or oil motor. Solar cells and wind generators are also used to convert sunlight and wind into electricity. 8. 3. 2. 1 describe the behaviour of electrostatic charges and the properties of the fields associated with them * Two types of charges positive and negative Charges go away from positive, charges go towards negative * An electrostatic charge is a charge due to an excess or deficiency of electrons. * A body with equal number of protons and electrons will be neutral. * Body has an excess of electron is negatively charged. 8. 3. 2. 2 define the unit of electric charge as the coulomb Electric charge is measured in coulombs the coulomb (c) is the SI unit of electric charge. 1 coulomb = 1c = 6. 25 x10^18 charge = 1. 6 x10^19 charge 8. 3. 2. 3 define the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point: E=FqE = magnitude of electric field (NC-1) Newton per coulomb q = charge (C) coulombs F = force (N) Newton 8. 3. 2. 4 define electric current as the rate at which charge flows (coulombs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electric field Current is the rate at which charge flows (Csec. or Amperes) un der the influence of an electric field. I= QT I = current Q= charge (coulombs) T= time (sec) 8. 3. 2. 5 identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge carriers moving in one direction or alternating with the charge carriers moving backwards and forwards periodically DC = direct currentCharge moves in one direction Direct positive to negative movement AC = alternating current Charge moves back and forth periodically. Directions changes 50 times per second. 8. 3. 2. 6 describe electric potential difference (voltage) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts) Electric potential difference (Voltage) between two points is the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to another (joules/coulomb or Volts). . 3. 2. 7 discuss how potential difference changes between different points around a DC circuit Potential difference can vary at different points around a circuit for example there will be different voltage drops across various resistors, light globes and rheostats which would be different to the voltage rise across the power pack. 8. 3. 2. 8 identify the difference between conductors and insulators Insulators will not allow electricity to flow through them because they have a very high resistance.Conductors have a very low resistance and therefore will allow current to flow through them. 8. 3. 2. 9 define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductor: V=IR V= Voltage I= Current in amps R= Resistance in ohms 8. 3. 2. 10 describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor: Length: Resistance is proportional to length; the longer a conductor the greater the resistance Cross sectional area: larger the cross-section the lower the resistance.Temperature: temperature increases ions vibrate increasing resistance. Material: material of a conductor influences resi stance; copper is commonly used for household wiring, gold or silver used when minimal resistance required. 8. 3. 3. 1 identify the difference between series and parallel circuits Series: * There is only one current pathway. * Current is the same throughout the whole circuit * If a series circuit is broken at any point then the electricity cannot flow through it. * Current remains constant and voltage varies (VT=V1+V2+V3).Parallel: * There is more then one current pathway. * All components have the same potential difference across them * In parallel, voltage remains constant and current varies (IT=I1+I2+I3). 8. 3. 3. 2 compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through them Parallel| Series| VT= V1 = V2 = V3| VT= V1 + V2 + V3| IT=I1 + I2 + I3| IT=I1 = I2 = I3| 8. 3. 3. 3 identify uses of ammeters and voltmeters Ammeters measure the flow of electrons through a point in the circuit.Voltmeters measure the potential difference between two poin ts. 8. 3. 3. 4 explain why ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently in a circuit Ammeter: cannot change the current being measured, must have minimum resistance, current must flow through the ammeter, MUST BE PLACED IN SERIES Voltmeter: measure the penitential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit, PLACED IN PARALLEL CURCUITS, important that voltmeter has high resistance so that there is not affect on the circuit. 8. 3. 3. explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a house In a house there are separate circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances so that appliances that require large amounts of current can still function without over-loading the circuit. If everything was on one circuit there would be too much current used and the wires would become hot and potentially cause a fire. 8. 3. 4. 1 explain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another Power is defined as the rate a t which energy is transformed from one form to another. watt=1 W=1J/s 1kW=1000watts P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 2 identify the relationship between power, potential difference and current Power is the number of joules per second (watts), for every current (I in Amps), Voltage (v in volts) are dissipated. P=VI Power (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) 8. 3. 4. 3 identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be calculated using: Energy=VIt Electrical energy (joules) = Voltage (volts) x Current (amps) x Time (sec) P=VIPower (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 4 explain why the kilowatt-hour is used to measure electrical energy consumption rather than the joule 1kW. h is the energy used by a 1 kW appliance operating for 1 hour. Measuring in joule is a big inconvenient because 1 joule is a very tiny amount of energy. 8. 3. 5. 1 describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are brought close together Magnets have 2 different poles north and south. They can either be attract or repel each other.Opposite poles attract, same poles repel. 8. 3. 5. 2 define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point The direction of a magnetic field is the direction of force on a very small magnetic north pole placed in the field. The currents from the north pole more towards to the south pole. 8. 3. 5. 3 describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles Field lines come out of the North and into the south. Field lines never cross. The magnitude of the field is indicated by the density of the field lines. . 3. 5. 4 describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a straight current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can determine the direction of current an d field lines The direction of the magnetic field is described by the right hand rule. Right hand grip rule: Grip wire with right hand, thumb pointing in direction of conventional current, fingers will curl around in the direction of the magnetic field. 8. 3. 5. 5 compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnet * A solenoid is a coil of wire. When a current flows in the solenoid it produces a magnetic field around the coil which is similar to that of a bar magnet. * In a solenoid the field continues through the middle as parallel lines. * The direction of the magnetic field inside a solenoid is given by the right hand rule. 8. 3. 6. 1 discuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the body * The neuromuscular system runs on the movement of electrical changes. An electric current through the body has the effect to disrupt its normal function. A typical respons e of your body’s muscles to an electric shock would be: * Muscles contract so you won’t be able to let go. * Muscles controlling the diaphragm cause it to clamp (can’t breathe) * Heart muscle goes into fibrillation (stops effective beating till heart stops altogether) * Death * Human bodies can withstand ten times as much DC current as AC, AC operates on frequency (50-60 Hz) which is the same frequency our heart operates making AC significantly more lethal than DC. 50-100 mA are the lethal limits for electric shock. 8. 3. 6. describe the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation and other safety devices in the home Circuit breakers: they use an electromagnet to mechanically break the circuit. Once the current exceeds the maximum value. Fuses: they prevent overloading of circuits. They are made of a metal with a low melting point. They melt when the current through the circuit exceeds the wiring. They are usually contained in high melting point materials to avoid fires. Earthing: they protect from shock. If an appliance has any metal exposes than it will have the outer cover earthed to protect shock.It works on the bases that there is less resistance through the wire rather than through a person. Double insulation: house hold wiring must be covered by an insulator. Usually made of plastic ((polyvinylchloride, (PVC)) many have double insulating in case the inner insulation melts when the metal gets to hot. 8. 4. 1. 1 identify that a typical journey involves speed changes In a typical car journey, a car may travel at different speeds, accelerate and decelerate, changes direction and stops therefore although there is an average speed for the entire journey, the vehicle does not travel at a constant speed. . 4. 1. 2 distinguish between scalar and vector quantities in equations Scalar quantities are those that specify size (magnitude), but not direction. Vector quantities are defined by both size (magnitude) and direction . Vectors| Scalar| Force| Mass| Velocity| Speed| Displacement| Distance| Acceleration| Work| Momentum| Energy| Magnetic Fields| Power| Electric Fields| Time| 8. 4. 1. 3 compare instantaneous and average speed with instantaneous and average velocity Average Speed = Distance/Total Time Instantaneous Speed is the speed of an object at a particular instant of time.Velocity (v) is the time rate of change of the displacement. It is a vector; it requires both size and direction. It is speed with a direction. Displacement (s) is distance in a given direction. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant, the speed and the direction. Average Velocity is displacement/time. 8. 4. 1. 4 define average velocity as: vav= ? r? t r = s = displacement. Average velocity= change in displacement/ change in time. 8. 4. 2. 1 describe the motion of one body relative to another Motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to other or some co-ordinate system (a frame of refere nce).If a change in direction occurs thorough vector qualities, must be dealt with as vectors. 8. 4. 2. 2 identify the usefulness of using vector diagrams to assist solving problems Vectors qualities have magnitude and direction. Adding Vectors Draw the first vector. Draw the second vector starting from the end of the first. The resultant vector is the line joining the beginning of the first vector to the end of the second. 6km 8km 10km a 6km 8km 10km a Subtracting Vectors V1 – V2 = Change in VChange V = V (f) – V (i) V1 -V2 V1 – V2 V1 -V2 V1 – V2 Change = Final – Initial Change V 8-(-10) = 18 -10m/s 8m/s -10m/s m/s 8. 4. 2. 3 explain the need for a net external force to act in order to change the velocity of an object Forces can internal or external to a system but only the external forces can affect the motion of the system. Net force = sum of all forces. Change in velocity the object must accelerate. An object will remain in constant motion (res t or 0 velocity) unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. To accelerate there must be an outside force acting (Newton’s 1st law). Newton’s first law states that: A body continues in its state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. . 4. 2. 4 describe the actions that must be taken for a vehicle to change direction, speed up and slow down Acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity. Acceleration refers to: Speeding Up: this can be done by using the accelerator Slowing Down: this can be done by using the cars brakes Changing Direction: Using the steering wheel 8. 4. 2. 5 describe the typical effects of external forces on bodies including: Friction between surfaces Air resistance There are a number of external forces working on a car and these include: Friction with the Road Air Resistance The weight of the carFriction is a force that we encounter everyday in everything we do. Friction is a force that always opposes m otion. Friction arises when two different materials are in contact with each other. The tires make contact with the road surface and as a result there is friction. This means that the vehicle has traction and does not simply slide. Air Resistance is a form of Friction. As a vehicle moves through the air the two materials, the vehicles body and the air, move past each other. Air resistance limits the speed of the vehicle but it can be minimized by designing a vehicle so that it is aerodynamically shaped. . 4. 2. 6 define average acceleration as: vav= ? r? t therefore vav=v-ut Acceleration is a change in velocity over a certain time period. It can be positive or negative. v= final velocity, u= initial velocity, t= time taken 8. 4. 2. 7 define the terms ‘mass’ and ‘weight’ with reference to the effects of gravity Mass: Is the measure of the amount of matter in an object Measure of inertia (resistance to acceleration) Independent or the effects of gravity Measu red in grams. Weight Is the force of gravity on an object. On earth weight is the mass x 9. 8 Dependent on the amount of massMeasure of the gravity and force on an object Measured in Newton’s. 8. 4. 2. 8 outline the forces involved in causing a change in the velocity of a vehicle when: Coasting with no pressure on the accelerator Friction with the Road Air Resistance Force Pushing car along Pressing on the accelerator The driver is supplying more fuel to the engine. This allows the engine to apply a greater force on the wheels and hence make the car speed up. Velocity and acceleration acting in the same direction. Pressing on the brakes Increasing the friction between the brake pads and the metal discs making it harder for the wheels to turn.Velocity and Acceleration acting in different directions. Passing over an icy patch on the road There is less friction and the wheels can’t get as much grip so they may slide. The car will move at a constant velocity until acted up on by an external force. Climbing and descending hills Friction Air Resistance The cars weight causes it to slow down when going up the hill and speed up when going down the hill Following a curve in the road Centripetal force is causing the car to accelerate as the velocity is changing owing to the change in direction. 8. 4. 2. interpret Newton’s Second Law of Motion and relate it to the equation: F=ma F= Force in Newtons m= mass a= acceleration 8. 4. 2. 10 identify the net force in a wide variety of situations involving modes of transport and explain the consequences of the application of that net force in terms of Newton’s Second Law of Motion The acceleration of an object is proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and is inversely proportional to the mass. The consequences of net external force acting on a model of transport are acceleration, deceleration and a change of direction in motion.Centripetal force (circular motion) The force causing the turning is always towards the centre of the circle. Force (centripetal) = mv^2/ R R=radius, V= instantaneous velocity, M= mass 8. 4. 3. 1 identify that a moving object possesses kinetic energy and that work done on that object can increase that energy Kinetic Energy is the energy an object possesses because it is moving. Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and the square of the velocity of the body as indicated by: KE=12mv2 E= kinetic energy (joules) M=mass of the object (kg) V=velocity (m/s)Work (W) is done when a force (F) is moved through a distance (s). Work is the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of that force. W=Fs. Work transfers energy through the motion of a force. When work is done, energy is required. W = Change in Kinetic energy 8. 4. 3. 2 describe the energy transformations that occur in collisions In collisions objects exert forces on each other. Collisions can be either: Elastic Non-Elastic Elastic Collisions If in a collision, kinetic energy is conserved, the collision is said to be elastic.An example would be when Gas molecules collide with each other and with the walls of their container as kinetic energy is not decreased. Inelastic Collisions In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the Kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy such as heat and sound. If the colliding parts stick together, the collision is inelastic 8. 4. 3. 3 define the law of conservation of energy In all types of interactions, both elastic and inelastic, total energy is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed only can be changed from one form to another. . 4. 4. 1 define momentum as: p=mv Momentum= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec To stop a moving object, forces must be applied and the forces relate to two factors, the mass of the object and the velocity of the object. The time rate of change of momentum is proportional to the resultant force and acts in the direction of the force. Always conserved Vector quantity 8. 4. 4. 2 define impulse as the product of force and time Impulse = F (force) x t (time) Impulse = change in momentum Impulse = Ft = mv – mu mv = final momentum u = initial momentum The unit of Impulse is N. s which is the same as the Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec (kg. m/sec) 8. 4. 4. 3 explain why momentum is conserved in collisions in terms of Newton’s Third Law of motion Force (action) = Force (reaction) Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of a system is always the same unless the system on by some external force. P (before) = P (after) m1u1+m2u2= m1v1+m2v2 This equation shows that: the vector sum of the momentum of the objects before collision equals the vector sum of the momentum after collision.Momentum is conserved only in isolated systems (those free from external forces). The Law of the Conservation of Momentum can be stated as: In interactions between objects, momentum is conserved in an isolated system. 8. 4. 5. 1 define the inertia of a vehicle as its tendency to remain in uniform motion or at rest Newton’s 1st law: Inertia: â€Å"Tendency of any object to resist any change in motion. † E. g. when a car stops suddenly, the objects and people in the car remain in the current motion unless acted upon by an external force such as a seatbelt. 8. 4. 5. discuss reasons why Newton’s First Law of Motion is not apparent in many real world situations Common experience is not apparent in Real World Situations as the driver of a car still needs to depress the accelerator to move at a constant rate because of friction between the car and the road. 8. 4. 5. 3 assess the reasons for the introduction of low speed zones in built-up areas and the addition of air bags and crumple zones to vehicles with respect to the concepts of impulse and momentum Introduced low speed zones into built areas to reduce the speed of drivers as the faster you are moving the more damage you do in a coll ision.Crumple Zones were introduced so that the front and rear end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision. 8. 4. 5. 4 evaluate the effectiveness of some safety features of motor vehicles Seat Belts They are effective in limiting the effect of inertia when a vehicle breaks suddenly. It absorbs a lot of the force of a collision. Airbags Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision.Crumple Zones Crumple Zones were introduced so that the front and rear end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. 8. 5. 1. 1 outline the historical development of models of the Universe from the time of Aristotle to the time of Newton Plato| planets move in spherical orbits around the earth (geoce ntric) | Eudoxus| maintained Plato’s concepts of spherical motions, complex arrangements of circular motions| Aristotle| developed Eudoxus model to 53 spheres. |Aristarchus| The sun is in the centre (heliocentric) with everything orbiting around it and epicycle moments to explain planetary movements; Earth must rotate on its axis, so it appears that everything moves around us. | Ptolemy| believed in geocentric universe, stars existed on a sphere which rotated every 24 hours, earth is a sphere and at rest, motion of sun and plants moved in perfect circles. | Copernicus| heliocentric universe, sun was the centre and planets orbited the sun in fixed circular motions, earth traveled around the sun in 1 year and spins on its axis every 24 hours. Galileo| first to use a telescope, supported the heliocentric idea of Copernicus, worked on gravitational theory disproved Aristotle concepts of the motion. | Sir Isaac Newton| from work on motion realized that a forcer must be acting on a n object such as the moon, law of universal gravitation, this explain where things stayed in orbit, since the time of Newton the heliocentric model was accepted. | 8. 5. 2. 1 outline the discovery of the expansion of the Universe by Hubble, following its earlier prediction by Friedmann Alexander Friedman predicted that the universe was expanding.The predictions rose from calculations based on Einstein’s, general theory of relativity. Edwin Hubble designed a new and a bigger telescope that leads to the discovery of the red shift proving that the universe is expanding. A red shift corresponds to a shift to the lower frequency (longer wavelength). This indicates that the light source, the galaxy is moving away from us. All galaxies show this effect indicating that the universe is expanding. 8. 5. 2. 2 describe the transformation of radiation into matter which followed the ‘Big Bang’ After the temperature had dropped enough.The energy began to be converted in to matt er. Hydrogen atoms formed from protons and electrons. 8. 5. 2. 3 identify that Einstein described the equivalence of energy and mass E=mc2 E= energy (Joules) m= mass (kg) c= speed of light (3 x 108 ms-1) 8. 5. 2. 4 outline how the accretion of galaxies and stars occurred through: Expansion and cooling of the Universe The cooling of the universe allowed the formation of matter. This began to overwhelm the radiation Subsequent loss of particle kinetic energyAs the temperature fell this resulted in a loss of kinetic energy (as temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles) Gravitational attraction between particles Loss in Kinetic energy meant that the increased gravitational force between particles took effect Lumpiness of the gas cloud that then allows gravitational collapse The greater density of areas of the gas clouds allowed gravity to begin 8. 5. 3. 1 define the relationship between the temperature of a body and the dominant wavelength of the radiation em itted from that body The hotter the star the shorter the wave length.Hot star: short wave length, more energy. Cold star: long wave length, less energy 8. 5. 3. 2 identify that the surface temperature of a star is related to its colour Red | Long wavelength| Orange| | Yellow | | White blue- white| Short wavelength| The hotter the star gets the more it will shift towards the blue end of the spectrum and thus the shorter the wavelength. 8. 5. 3. 3 describe a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as the graph of a star’s luminosity against its colour or surface temperature In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram a stars surface temperature and luminosity (brightness) are plotted against each other.This is because there is a relationship between the two. 8. 5. 3. 4 identify energy sources characteristic of each star group, including Main Sequence, red giants, and white dwarfs Star group| Fuel| Characteristics| Main sequence| H then He| They are from the top left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagr am to the bottom right. This shows a trend of hot and bright to cold and dull| Red giants| H then He| In the upper right corner of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and are bright but cold| White dwarfs| C and O ions| Bottom left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. They are very hot but dim and small. 8. 5. 4. 1 identify that energy may be released from the nuclei of atoms Light atoms like H will fuse together at extreme temperatures to for stable atoms. This produces energy. Uranium on the other hand has very unstable nuclei and will break down by emitting energy or partials randomly. That may be in the form of ? , ? or gamma rays. 8. 5. 4. 2 describe the nature of emissions from the nuclei of atoms as radiation of alpha ? and beta ? particles and gamma ? rays in terms of: ionising power penetrating power effect of magnetic field effect of electric fieldRadiation| Ionizing power| Penetrating Power| Effect of Magnetic Field| Effect of Electric Field| Alpha Particle| Very high Strong| Low a few cm in the air| Affected according to right hand palm rule| Limited – very small| Beta Particle| Less than AlphaWeak| Higher than Alpha thin sheets of lead| Large| Large| Gamma Ray| Less than BetaVery Weak| Very High Several cm of lead| Zero| Zero| 8. 5. 4. 3 identify the nature of emissions reaching the Earth from the Sun Solar wind consists of a stream of ionised particles, mostly protons and electrons that flow from the sun in all directions at speeds of about 400 km. -1. The source of the wind is the sun’s hot corona – the outer atmosphere of the sun extending a distance of a few solar radii into space. Most of the corona consists of vast arches of hot gas – solar flares – that are millions of kilometres in length and are caused by the sun’s magnetic field. The Solar wind comes from regions called coronal holes, regions of cooler, less dense gas. As the sun rotates there is a periodic variation in Solar wind activity every 27 da ys. The Solar wind is responsible for pushing the tail of comets away from the sun. 8. 5. 4. 4 describe the particulate nature of solar windSunspot cycle is a pattern of increasing and decreasing sunspots. Sun spots are a dark spot on the sun with lower temperatures and intense magnetic activity. Cycle is between 7-13 years. Two types of emission reaching Earth from the sun: electromagnetic radiation and solar winds. Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field shelters as from theses emissions. The sunspots themselves last for several days although larger ones may last up to a few weeks. The number of particles and their velocity increases following sunspot activity and solar flares meaning that the solar wind is greater in the time of maximum sunspots. . 5. 4. 5 describe sunspots as representing regions of strong magnetic activity and lower temperature Sunspots are relatively cool areas (~4500K), with magnetic field strengths some thousands of times stronger than the Earth’ s magnetic field, that appear as dark imperfections in the photosphere. They result from the penetration of magnetic field lines through the photosphere and are ~8000km across. Except for the smaller ones, all sunspots have a dark inner region – the umbra – where the magnetic field is strongest surrounded by a less dark region – the penumbra – where the magnetic field is weakest.

Hr Profession Map

Developing Yourself As An Effective Human Resources Practitioner I confirm that the work I provided for unit 4DEP (HR) is my own. Signed:Date: Print Name: ACTIVITY 1 THE CIPD HR PROFESSION MAP The CIPD HR Profession Map sets out what HR Profession need to know, do and deliver at all stages in their careers. The Map covers 10 professional areas, 8 behaviours and 4 Bands of competencies and transitions, from Band 1 for the start of HR career through to band for the most senior leaders. It has been designed to be relevant and applicable to HR Professionals operating anywhere in the world, in all sectors and in organisations of all shapes and sizes’. PROFESSIONAL AREAS The 10 HR Professional areas describe the responsibilities and knowledge, for each area of the HR Profession at 4 bands of professional capabilities. Two of which are classed as the Core Professional Areas, Insights, Strategy and Solutions and Leading HR which are the main focal point of the profession. ‘They are applicable to all HR professionals, regardless of role, location or stage of career; whether inside organisations or working with them’.Insights, Strategy and Solution This professional area underpins the direction of the profession as an applied business discipline, with a people and organisation specialism. This area also allows HR Profession, to develop actionable insights and deliver situational HR solutions that stick. In the HR Profession Map Band 1 and 2 is expected to ‘consider the bigger picture at all times, observing connections, and draw conclusions about the impact of events and activities on each other’. Leading HR Leading HR Professionals are active and insight-led leaders who are owning, haping and driving. They develop across 3 main areas of leadership: Personal leadership, leading others and leading issues. In the HR Profession Map Band 3 and 4 is expected to seek feedback, and coaching to continually learn and develop as a professional. Bui ld own leadership through effective use of CPD activities. The other eight specialist areas which are Organisation Design, Organisation Development, Resourcing and Talent Planning, Learning and Talent Development, Performance and Reward, Employee Engagement, Employee Relations and Service Delivery and Information.They are specialist areas which identifies the activities and knowledge that is needed to provide Specialist HR Support. Bands The 4 bands of professional competences define, the contribution that HR Professionals make at every stage of their career. It helps to give a clear pathway and focus to all HR Professionals development planning and activities. At Band 1 the role would be an HR Practitioner, whose role would be to focus on client support and immediate and ongoing issues, spend time providing information, managing data, and serve the client with facts and information and peace of mind.They must also be efficient, flexible and give client satisfaction. Band 2 the role would an HR Advisor who advises and/or manages HR related issues and relating to individual or a team. Has a clear understanding of the evaluation process and solutions available. Serves the client with flexible options and recommendations and enable repeated business. Band 3 is a HR Consultant whose focus and activity would be to lead a professional area, acting as a consultant or partner, addresses key HR challenges at an organizational level for the medium and long-term.Spend time understanding the functional business realities and provide insights and linkages and serve the client with ideas, insights, challenges and solutions and is a trusted partner who is seated at the leadership table. BAND 4 is a Leading HR whose activity would be Leading and managing a professional area(s) and/or the organization and responsible for developing and delivering organisational and HR Strategy. Spend time understanding the organaisation and industry realities.Serve the client with ‘safe Haven’ for challenging discussions and lead team colleagues. Behaviours There are 8 behaviours that explain how a HR Professional needs to carry out their activities. Each behaviour is explained at 4 bands of professional capabilities they are, curious, Decisive Thinker, Skilled Influence, Personally Credible, Collaborative, Driver to Deliver, Courage to Challenge and Role Model. Each behaviour has a series of contra- indicators which illustrates the negative manifestations of the behaviour.SERVICE DELIVERY AND INFORMATION In this professional area the HR Professional ensures that the delivery of HR service and information to leaders, managers and staff within the organization is accurate, efficient, timely and cost-effective and that human resource data is managed professionally. The following activities and knowledge specified within the professional area at Band 1 identify those I consider most essential to my HR Role: ActivitiesService Delivery Models and Execution Servi ce Management and Metrics Business Process Redesign and continuous Improvement HR Technology What you need to doAt Band 1 HR Professionals would need to strive to maintain a continuous and excellent service, Strive to deliver excellent customer service care and have strong customer service ethos. Also provide information to all members of the organization via email, telephone etc. , collecting processing data and delivering management information in an efficient, effective and timely manner, and comply with organizational procedures and legislative requirements. KnowledgeService Excellence Operations Management HR Technology What You Need To Know How to handle and escalate complaints. The cost restraints and service delivery targets of the organization. How to use HRIS to produce data and metrics. In my role as a HR Specialist on a day to basis I provide customer service, advice and deliver information to all members of the organization regardless of their position within the orga nization.I also maintain and update personnel records both manual and electronically. Handle pay and financial matters for over 70 personnel, rectified any inconsistencies and ensured all personnel are paid accurately and on time. On a Monthly basis I accumulate authentic itemized Monthly Personnel Returns on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Supply Head of department with a modernized ability to schedule and deploy up to 70 personnel, essential at a time of increasing operational commitments.

Reflective Essays

Reflective Essays Reflective Essay Reflective Essay Essay Topic: Reflective Clinical arrangement is a good opportunity for nursing pupils to pattern clinical accomplishments. every bit good as experience the existent on the job environment. However. the procedure of really conveying theories and cognition learned from university into practical application is non simple ; this requires non merely forbearance and finding but besides assorted larning accomplishments. For myself. after an unpleasant experience of affecting an statement between a nurse and patient’s household. I came to recognize that brooding accomplishments are important non merely for my current position as pupil but besides for my future professional development ( Sharon. 2014 ) as registered nurse. The brooding pattern helps nurses to keep and invariably update their cognition. every bit good as concept clinical accomplishments by larning from existent pattern ( ANMC 2009 ) . As described by O’Donovan. reflective is a procedure of deliberative thought. looking back. analyzing oneself and one’s pattern in order to better hereafter practice ( Chris A ; Sue. 2013. p. 4 ) . In this essay I will reflect on my unpleasant experience and show how this could be used as an grounds to turn out how brooding activities efficaciously assist nurses with professional development. This contemplation will follow Gibbs brooding theoretical account. which describes the experience. my personal feelings ; so analyze and evaluate on my actions. bespeak what were my strengths and failing. Finally. a elaborate action program will be formed for future pattern. In the text edition Reflective Practice in Nursing it is recommended that each reflector should take and utilize brooding technique that suits their learning manner ( Chris A ; Sue. 2013 ) . I chose Gibb’s contemplation theoretical account as it was the most suited technique for both my acquisition manner and my form of believing. As a ocular scholar. I learn best with visual image and head function. My ideas and actions are easy affected by my feelings. Derived from the rule of experiential acquisition of Kolk. Gibb’s theoretical account of contemplation ( 1988 ) includes six stairss: description. feelings. rating. analysis. decision. and action program. The first measure enables my idea to flux. leting me to visualize the whole experience while seting aside my ain judgement. By making this I can reexamine the state of affairs with a clear non-biased head. The 2nd measure helps me to research my form of thought and how my emotions consequence my actions. These two stairss will provide me with comprehensive subjective information for the undermentioned stairss of the theoretical account. For this ground I decided to utilize the Gibb’s theoretical account to reflect on my following state of affairs. The state of affairs happened when I was making my arrangement at the pneumonic rehabilitation ward in a infirmary. Mr X was admitted to hospital about few yearss ago with aggravation Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ) . As per my normal everyday I was taking the patient’s critical marks. When I came to Mr. X bed. I saw Mr. X was locating straight up on his bed ; his married woman was feeding him. The BiPap machine was taken off. and he was on normal rhinal cannula. I asked Mrs. X what happened and why he stopped utilizing the BiPAP machine. due to the fact that Mr. X oxygen impregnation was a spot low so he would be on BiPAP machine for today. which I heard during the handover activity meeting this forenoon. Mrs. X told me that it was because Mr. X was really hungry. and the Bipap’s machine mask is excessively big. covering both his olfactory organ and oral cavity. which prevent him from eating. So she took the BiPap mask out and put the normal rhinal cannula on in order to feed him. She said she would set the BiPap machine back instantly after the breakfast. and it would non be long. I was convinced by her words and confident. Then I started taking Mr. X’s critical marks. The consequence was 90 % for his O impregnation. lower than the standard 1. I checked his medical record and found out that he has modified oxygen impregnation rate. and his current 1 was still in the safe scope. I observed Mr. X visual aspect. asked him a few inquiries to corroborate his physical and mental status. Mr. X looked rather stable. his voice was clear. and he ate a batch of nutrient. However. I was still worried for Mr. X’s safety. so I decided to remain at that place. waiting for Mr. X to complete his repast. to guarantee that nil went incorrect and the prescribed equipment would be used. During that clip. I on a regular basis checked his O impregnation. I notice that Mr. X’s oxygen impregnation started to drop really easy. I raised the concern to Mrs. X. but she told me to non worry. as Mr. X about finished his repast. She claimed that they were utilizing that machine at place so she knew it really good. As I did non cognize much about BiPap machine. I didn’t know what I should make. I was inquiring whether I should describe to the RN. when the RN came by and saw it. The nurse was really angry. She rushed in. rapidly took off the nasal cannula. set the Bipap mask on Mr. X. and blamed me aloud in forepart of all patients. Mrs. X and I tried to explicate that it was her who removed the Bipap mask because she wanted to feed him. The nurse said But your hubby needs oxygen more than nutrient. Mrs. X claimed that she was taking attention of her hubby for old ages and knew her hubby status really good. She said if he doesn’t have breakfast on clip. his blood force per unit area will drop. The nurse seemed to be so irritated with the whole state of affairs. she ignored what Mrs. X said and kept on look intoing on Mr. X and faulting me for non describing to her instantly. Approximately a few proceedingss subsequently with the Bipap machine on. Mr. X’s oxygen impregnation began to lift. When his O impregnation was up to 93 % . the nurse left. Mrs. X told me that nurse was ever unfriendly. and that she was sorry about what happened to me. I reassured her that I was all right and told her to take good attention of Mr. X so returned to my work. At the beginning of the whole things. I did experience that I should non allow Mrs. X take the Bipap machine. but I was non confident plenty to halt her from making so. I could non deny that I felt Mrs. X action might do some injury on Mr. X’s wellness. otherwise I would hold non stayed with him and someway I did experience I besides should take duty for allowing the whole state of affairs happen. Therefore. when the nurse came and found out the state of affairs and set the machine back on Mr. X face I felt much relieved. as I knew that was how things should be. However. when the nurse kept on faulting me aloud in forepart of others and disregarding the fact that I was non the 1 who really removed the mask. my feelings changed from ab initio experiencing guilty to experiencing defensive. After all it was non me who removed Mr. X’s Bipap mask and I felt I did all the things that I could by look intoing the patient. and following up his status closely. But the nurse did non take any into history. I started to hold with Mrs. X remark about the nurse’s unfriendliness. When I left the patient’s room that twenty-four hours. I was so angry. and believed that I did nil wrong at all. However. when my choler subsided. I reflected on the whole state of affairs and unhappily admitted that I was the 1 at mistake. First. I was at mistake for non steadfastly halting Mrs. X from taking the Bipap machine at the beginning. If I did so. the state of affairs would non hold occured. I thought there must be grounds that a BiPap machined was prescribed for Mr. X. It decidedly has some different maps than normal airing support equipment like a rhinal cannula. But as I did non hold any cognition about that. I have no steadfast ground or proper grounds to reason with Mrs. X. In add-on when Mrs. X stated that they were utilizing it at place and she knew it really good. I was convinced. and gave up. As a nurse. I owe the patient a responsibility of attention. but I indirectly put the patient in danger without acknowledging it. Second. I was besides at mistake for non describing it to the registered nurse in charge. I should ever retrieve that nursing is team work. Each squad member has duty to portion information that he or she obtained to the remainder of the squad. It will guarantee that a patient-centred attention would be planned and delivered comprehensively. The positive point in this whole state of affairs was that I decided to remain with patient and closely follow up his status. I did look into his critical marks and comparison with the patient’s medical record. I besides reflected on the nurse’s actions and picked out two errors. First. the nurse did non educate the patient’s household about the BiPap machine. I was non certain about the nurse’s relationship with the patient. so I did non take into history Mrs. X remark about the nurse’s unfriendliness. But I realized that the nurse did non explicate to Mrs. X that the biPap machine. called a bilevel positive air passage force per unit area machine. will make a supporting force per unit area which will assist her hubby equilibrating the sum of his inspiration and termination. to guarantee a suited heated humidified air flow to his lungs which a nasal cannula can non. ( Jamie. Cristina A ; Thomas. 2009 ) . I believe that if the nurse had explained. Mrs. X will understand exhaustively and will non reiterate that action once more in future. Second. the nurse did non really listen actively to patient’s demand. I can non deny that the married woman knew a batch about her husband’s modus operandi. wonts and even physical beat. She would be a really good beginning for the nurse in be aftering attention for the patient. It should be noted from the patient’s married woman that the patient’s blood force per unit area normally drops in the forenoon if he doesn’t eat at the regular clip. The ground might be non holding breakfast ; it may be some side effects of a drug or be a symptom for some implicit in status that should be considered. Then I started to analyze the whole state of affairs. and believe about what I should make otherwise. First. I should explicate to Mrs. X my concern. I should bespeak the fact that Mr. X’s oxygen impregnation was low. I should non experience abashing for non cognizing about that machine. All I need to make is merely merely bravely admit that I don’t know about Bipap machine. but I believe it is more necessary for Mr. X more than the rhinal cannula. I should pardon myself for non being able to give her a elaborate account and inquire her to wait while I check with the registered nurse or physician. I should utilize Mr. X safety to convert her. I believe if I had conducted myself in this manner. Mrs. X would hold listened to me and things would hold turned out wholly otherwise. Even If Mrs. X still insisted to take the machine. I should describe to nurse in charge instantly. Second. I should pattern to be more confident and actively take topographic point in attention squad. I am pupil at the minute Although I was pupil. I am still a member of attention squad. In future. I will graduate and go registered nurse. I should take this opportunity to larn from this state of affairs as it is normal for me to non cognizing everything. From the whole experience. I have learned that good communicating is really of import in presenting attention. Good communicating will guarantee the flow of information exchange non merely between nurses with patients. but besides between nurses and other members of the attention squad. In the relationship between nurses and patients. nurses need to actively listen to their patients. pick out necessary information. and construct trust with them. In this state of affairs. the nurse did non pay attending on Mrs. X statement about her husband’s blood force per unit area alteration. By the manner Mrs. X took attention of her hubby. I can experience that she truly wanted to be involved in caring for Mr. X. She decidedly would be a valuable resource. If the nurse can pass on in a more flexible manner. and supply her with proper instruction. the nurse will hold a particular and highly utile helper in taking attention of Mr. X. In the relationship between nurses and other member of at tention squad. nurses play a frontline function. As the 1 who straight care for patient’s day-to-day activities. in most instances. nurses will be the most suited one to roll up information and present this to the remainder of the wellness attention squad. In this state of affairs. although I collected all information about Mr. X. but as I did non present it. this information becomes useless. Despite how my head disquieted and cared for Mr. X. if I did non show my concern. and set it into action it is nonmeaningful. My choler at the terminal of that experience was really unreasonable. I can non presume that the nurse understood how much I cared if I did nil to demo that. Hence. I can corroborate once more that good communicating will be cardinal to construct common trust between wellness attention professionals and patients or patient’s household. which facilitate the bringing of attention and better the wellness result ( ) . After I reflected on the whole experience. I set up a proper action for the hereafter. Following clip. my end will be set up good relationship with both patients and wellness attention squad by pass oning efficaciously. Normally. the relationship between me and the patients seems good. The job is I am non self-asserting plenty. I will go to the presentation accomplishment short class held by Learning Devlopment Center and the Presentation Club in constructing 11. My mark is to better my assurance. larn how to get the better of being nervous when I province my sentiment or argue with person. I will besides go to the on-line class Terminology for international medical pupils at website coursera. org to acquire used to medical slang. Another of my jobs is a deficiency of cognition. Before my following arrangement. I will seek to do a list of medical equipment at my work topographic point and normally used medical specialty. I will make some research to obtain more thorough cognition in order that I would non fall into the same state of affairs. And in the instance I that I am diffident. I will non waver to raise the inquiries. My expected result at the terminal of my following clinical arrangement will be a more confident me. who is equipped with updated cognition. can pass on flexibly and incorporate good with wellness attention squad. In decision. utilizing the brooding procedure. I have identified my strength ( How much I care for patient ) . and failing ( deficiency of assurance. bad communicating ) . In add-on. I besides reflect on other’s actions and learned from that. Before the brooding procedure. the whole state of affairs was an unpleasant memory. but after contemplation. it becomes a memorable lesson. As the scientific discipline is developing non-stop. the contemplation will force me to continuously update and broaden my cognition.

Teen Social Issues Essays - Alcohol Abuse, Drinking Culture, Suicide

Teen Social Issues Essays - Alcohol Abuse, Drinking Culture, Suicide Teen Social Issues There are many social problems that teenagers go threw. I think the two most recognized problems are Teenage Drinking and Driving, and Teen Suicide. These two social behaviors teenagers go threw are two of the leading causes of teenage death in the state of New Mexico. Alcohol, the most widely used and abused drug among youth, causes serious and potentially life-threatening problems for this population. New Mexico holds one of the nation's highest DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) rates (Ulibarri, 1999). Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teenagers in New Mexico. Society must now face several questions, why do teens drink, what are the results of teen drinking and driving, and how can society change this pattern. Every year hundreds of teens die in the state New Mexico. Teen suicide is the fastest growing killer of youth in America and if left unaddressed it will affect are future generations. Why do teenagers drink alcohol? Peers play the major role in shaping attitudes about alcohol use. Prior to this time, television and movies played the most influential role. The attitudes of parents toward alcohol correlated strongly with the attitudes of their children. There are several reasons why teenagers give to drinking alcohol which include recreation, rebellion, relieve depression, fatigue, and boredom. Also because they have personal problems at home that make them turn to alcohol. Other reasons are a loved one passing away, fighting with parents, divorce, and separation of family. The main factor of teenage drinking is influence from their peers. Teenagers in our society are pressured into trying out alcohol for the first time to see how it tastes like. If they give in to their peers they become part of the group, but if they do not they are not accepted into the group. As a result of teens being under the influence of alcohol, they are not aware that once they get behind the wheel they are risking their lives and the lives of other innocent people on the road. Teenagers think it's cool to drink and drive. They feel nothing will happen to them. A survey concluded, Males having higher rates of daily drinking and binge drinking than females, but these difference are diminishing. While white students report the highest levels of drinking, Blacks report the lowest, and Hispanics fall between the two (Alcohol Alert, 1999). The causes that lead them to automobile accidents are driver inexperience, driving late at night, having consumed alcohol, speeding, youthful risk, and driving during emotional stress. Many programs are being offered to educate teenagers and people on how to prevent alcohol-related accidents. The gentleman that came to talk to us on DWI related accidents had very interesting facts on Rio Arriba County. I found it vary informative. In R io Arriba County there is a DWI course being offered to anyone interested in developing strategies to prevent DWI from occurring by informing teens the DWI penalties, and laws in New Mexico, what happens in a DWI arrest and trial, and what the blood alcohol concentration level is. Education can help teens become aware of the consequences of drinking and driving. Yet effective ways of dealing with teen drinking and driving are formal treatment. Teens can be taken to visit a Rehabilitation center, which is a process of putting the treatment plan into action. It consist of (1) education, (2) Group therapy, (3) life story, (4) individual therapy, (5) peer assessment, (6) recreational therapy, (7) coping skills and relaxation therapy, (8) support group attendance, and (9) spiritually. Rio Arriba County is one of six communities across the nation to participate in the Rapid Responses Team Pilot Project, which is designed to study whether a team of experts can work with community members to develop effective ways of reducing underage drinking. The teams are comprised of one expert from each of the following profession: law enforcement, education, prevention, public policy, and strategic planning. Every year thousands of teens die in the United States, not from cancer or car accidents, but by their own hand; they make the choice that they want to die, and they take their life. Suicide is the fastest growing killer of youth in America (www.yellowribbon.org), and if left

Understanding the Latin Root Ambul

Understanding the Latin Root Ambul To become truly adept at understanding what you read, vocabulary acquisition is very important. You can certainly try to memorize list after list of vocabulary words by making  vocabulary flashcards, downloading the best  vocabulary apps, and completing  reading comprehension worksheets that focus on vocabulary, but youd still have gaps in your knowledge. One of the best, most efficient ways to increase your vocabulary is by understanding Greek and Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes. There are  four really good reasons to learn them, and if you already understand that fact, then, by all means, take a peek at this Latin root ambul- and get started improving your vocabulary today. The Latin Root Ambul- Definition:  To walk, to take steps, to go around. From to wander; to go astray Pronunciation:  Ãƒ ¦m-bull Use the short vowel sound a.   English Words Using or Derived From Ambul Amble: To walk at a slow, easy pace. Meander. OR, when used as a noun, a slow easy walk or the ambling gait of a horse.Ambler: One who walks at a slow, easy pace or meanders.Ambulance: A specially equipped motor vehicle for carrying people or injured people, usually to a hospital.Ambulate: To walk about or move from place to place.Ambulant: Moving from place to place; shifting; itinerantAmbulatory: Of, or related to walking or moving; being able to walk or moveCircumambulate: To ceremoniously walk around or go about.Somnambulist: Someone who walks while sleeping.Perambulator (pram): A baby carriage.Preamble: Literally, to walk before. Modern usage: an introductory statement, preface, or introduction.   Alternate Spellings:  amble Examples in Context The dirty cowboy ambled up to the bar, spurs clinking on the wooden floorboards, and casually ordered two whiskeys: one for him, one for his horse.The dog groomers business has boomed since moving from a downtown office downtown to an ambulatory  grooming van.The new mom couldnt decide which perambulator would best carry the baby to the park while showcasing her posh style.Being a somnambulist isnt easy; you may wake up rummaging through the kitchen pantry with no memory of how you got there.  Never was there a more ambulant job than being a taxi driver in  New York.  The doctor said hed release her from the hospital as soon as she could ambulate on her own. Since the woman had no idea what the doctor meant (she didnt study her Latin roots), she removed the catheter and gave it a try. She didnt get to leave.After winning the grand championship, the MVP made a great show of circumambulating the field while the spectators cheered and whistled for their home team.

Communication in the Organization Formal Proposal Research Paper

Communication in the Organization Formal Proposal - Research Paper Example The present report is structured to propose a communication structure for an organization. The objective of this report is to plan a successful communication strategy using the theories and concepts of organizational structure and communication. For this, five communication concepts are taken for study and analysis. These concepts have been chosen after proper research in the field of effective organizational communication. The importance of these concepts with respect to organizational communication will be explained. The report will also propose pre-defined and tested strategies in order to increase the effectiveness of the following five concepts. LISTENING SKILLS Listening is one of the basic functions of human beings. Individuals do not receive any formal training for listening but experience from surroundings. In terms of organizational communication, active listening can be described as a communication technique in which the listener has to provide feedback of the information they have heard, in their own words. This can be done either by paraphrasing or re-stating the words of the speaker. The objective behind this is to confirm that both parties have been equally involved in the communication and the message sent is organized. Active listening is an important concept in organizational communication. The various ways through which active listening skills can be helpful are as follows; 1. Information Gain- active listening helps in gaining information essential for the success of a business. For example, active listening in an interview will help in identifying important insights about the application, such as attitude, confidence, performance not mentioned in resume etc. Active listening with team members help in gaining insights about the weaknesses and strengths of the co-worker, which can be further utilized for better cooperation and team building. 2. Trust Development- active listening is important for building trust and confidence among employees. Active listening between team member and leaders will help the leader in understanding the real issues faced by the team member as well as increase confidence and trust in the co-worker. 3. Reputation- listening skills can have huge impact on the success of a business. If the employers fail to listen to their customers and their issues. The organization can suffer from loss of brand image and loyal customers. 4. Employee Motivation- a leader or a manager in an organization can improve productivity and morale by understanding the motivating factors in employees. This is possible only when leaders have sufficient active interaction with the co-workers as well as team members (Bull and Brown, 2012). Thus, it is known that active listening is one of the key strength for effective organizational communication. Active listening skills can be achieved through the following steps; Positive attitude towards active listening technique Making good eye contact Remain open to new information an d ideas Taking noted of important points Rephrasing and summarizing the speaker’s ideas. Avoiding all kinds of distractions. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational culture is a broad field of study which focuses on the behaviors and values of an organization as well as people working there, in order to establish a

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Personal Statement - Essay Example working at a hedge fund as a junior trader in Goldwater Capital Corp, New York where my responsibilities include reconciling cash, positions, coupons, pay-downs, write-downs and wires for various cash accounts; handling daily and end-month accounting, third party administration, and audit work. I also have the responsibilities of closely examining and monitoring stock market on daily basis and I have initiated new trading strategies that have boosted the firm’s quarterly revenue. I have also worked with Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG) Accounting/ Advisory where I performed compliance attestation examinations on third-party recipients of the Universal Service Fund disbursements for a large government entity. My duties included obtaining and reviewing documentation and work papers, performing test procedures and documenting results, as well as managing workload and proactively communicating findings to KPMG engagement leadership and clients. Here, I gained immense knowledge on telecommunications accounting. I also performed attestation engagements in accordance with Yellow Book and Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards (GAGAS) requirements in addition to participating in an agreed-upon procedure engagement for a third-party independent review in evaluating a newly implemented billing system and assisting the management in verifying the accuracy and completeness of invoices generated. My responsibilities included drafting the agreed-upon procedures, providing guidance to new hires, performing test procedures and documenting results, managing workload and proactively communicating findings to KPMG engagement leadership and clients. Here, I gained much knowledge on the nature of agreed-upon procedure engagements. In KPMG, I also participated in performing a payphone compensation attestation of a telecommunications service provider. My duties included performing and documenting audit procedures, obtaining and reviewing documentation, and testing

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Essay Example The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) aims at more financial disclosures by companies to prevent accounting frauds. Due to this act a new agency, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB came into existence. The purpose of this agency is to oversee, regulate, inspect and discipline accounting firms that conduct auditing activities of public companies. SOX act is applicable to all US registered public companies. International companies that are registered with the SEC and the accounting companies that conduct auditing services are also covered in this Act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act ensures corporate accountability and makes provision for penalties in case of violations. Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifies corporate responsibility for financial disclosures. CEOs and CFOs are made accountable for the veracity of financial disclosures. The Act makes it mandatory to include an internal control report in all financial disclosures of companies. This is to ensure that the management is confident about the reported financial data because of necessary controls in place to verify authenticity of data. Each financial report will also conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of the internal controls to be certified by auditor of the firm. Section 1348 has been added in Chapter 63 of title 18 pertaining to securities fraud. Accordingly, Criminal penalties are enforceable for defrauding investors of the companies by false presentations. Criminal penalties are also enforceable under section 802 for modifying documents. Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is further modified through section 409 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to provide Real Time Issuer Disclosures. Under the provision, any material changes in the financial condition must be provided by the companies to protect the interests of shareholders or investors. The auditor conducting an audit of

Mistakes Made in Casey Anthony Trial Investigation and Prosecution Research Paper

Mistakes Made in Casey Anthony Trial Investigation and Prosecution - Research Paper Example The accused was acquitted on July 5th, 2011. The Orlando, Fla., jury held that Casey Anthony was never guilty of killing her daughter culminating in a stunning end to the trials that had significantly fixated the country, thus, raising serious similar questions of forensic expertise and evidence featuring in The Child Cases. The case was weakened by a flawed state’s forensic case hence attracting a lot of questions concerning the strength of the forensic evidence. The Florida prosecutors never proved beyond a reasonable doubt how the two-year-old died. Also, they never proved where the body had been prior to being uncovered in garbage bags in swampy woods adjacent to the Anthony’s family home. Therefore, the case greatly relied on cutting-edge forensic evidence that the defense tagged, ‘junk science’ and too experimental for the Courtroom. Therefore, there was a real danger from the case as scientific precedents turned out scary. Therefore, a greater percentage of the forensic techniques relied on the prosecution team had never been permitted in any trial in the U.S. Indeed, an average juror lacks such an advanced expertise to distinguish between ‘junk science’ and ‘good science’ therefore; the Court expunges then to eliminate dubious evidence. Howeve r, there could have been a mistake made by jurors in this particular elimination of the ‘dubious evidence’ The Court juror never bought the evidence and attempted to validate the functionality of the system. Therefore, the state’s case had a number of hard questions unanswered leaving the juror with a single option to acquit the accused. Charging someone with murder must result from the evidence of how she is killed or why one might have killed someone. Also, it calls for where, when why and how someone was killed or might have been killed. However, the prosecutor relied on junk science that had never answered a single question. Indeed,

Perspectives on Case Manager Project Research Paper

Perspectives on Case Manager Project - Research Paper Example In part one, a team of two researchers carried out an eighteen in-person interviews (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Notably, when one of two staff researchers was not available, either the interview proceeding was recorded or the project attorney carried on as, a substitute to maintain consistency of the interviews. More significantly, all stakeholders participated voluntarily and were subjected to the same set of questions. The open-ended questions interview took place at a location chosen by the interviewee within an average time of one hour. More so, these interviews occurred between October 2010 and December 2010 after the project had been in the market for six months. The full set of interview questions are located in â€Å"Appendix A† of this report while below is a description of the total number of interviewees and job categories: Bench Officers: One full-time dependency court Judge and one dependency Judge working part-time in criminal cases. Attorneys: Five dependency att orneys—three individual interviews, group of two attorneys. Social Worker’ from the Human Services Agency, Children’s Services Division: Three emergency response social workers, one Division Chief, and two treatment unit supervisors overseeing programs of group homes, residential treatment, placements, adoptions, and commencement planning. County Unified School District Staff: One superintendent secretary, and one child welfare linked with custody of student records. Local Community Based Organization: A focus group interview consisting of one Executive Director, one Associate Executive Director of Programs, and one Clinical Program Manager. This agency provides a wide range of services designed to foster healthy families. The researchers’ objectives of the stakeholder interview were to gain an understanding and discuss the project in terms of—communication, goals, teamwork and collaboration, resources, and impacts of the case manager position Comm unication Researchers received a wide variation of responses based on how often the stakeholder’s role communicated with the case manager. More significantly, each stakeholder had a different role and thus, communication with the case manager took place at different times and for different reasons. Only eleven percent of interviewees were able to give researchers a frequency of how often the communication occurs. Another eleven percent stated that communications occurred by either phone or email. In addition, researchers received key information about caseload type(s) and reasons as, to why communication among stakeholders is widespread or not. Notably, one interviewee stated that, â€Å"half of my cases have contact with the case manager†¦my caseload is up to 100.† Along the same lines, seventeen percent of interviewees mentioned that because the caseload for the target population is so low, they hardly ever cross paths (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Conversely, twen ty-two percent of interviewees noted that they have never worked with the case manager. Moreover, the variation in responses depended on various settings. Seventeen percent of interviewees attested to the fact that their communications were in settings such as, formal meetings and dependency hearings. More significantly, twenty-two percent of interviewees provided examples of the educational issues comprising of requests for school credits, graduation options, school changes, and continuing education as, they worked with the c

Mistakes Made in Casey Anthony Trial Investigation and Prosecution Research Paper

Mistakes Made in Casey Anthony Trial Investigation and Prosecution - Research Paper Example The accused was acquitted on July 5th, 2011. The Orlando, Fla., jury held that Casey Anthony was never guilty of killing her daughter culminating in a stunning end to the trials that had significantly fixated the country, thus, raising serious similar questions of forensic expertise and evidence featuring in The Child Cases. The case was weakened by a flawed state’s forensic case hence attracting a lot of questions concerning the strength of the forensic evidence. The Florida prosecutors never proved beyond a reasonable doubt how the two-year-old died. Also, they never proved where the body had been prior to being uncovered in garbage bags in swampy woods adjacent to the Anthony’s family home. Therefore, the case greatly relied on cutting-edge forensic evidence that the defense tagged, ‘junk science’ and too experimental for the Courtroom. Therefore, there was a real danger from the case as scientific precedents turned out scary. Therefore, a greater percentage of the forensic techniques relied on the prosecution team had never been permitted in any trial in the U.S. Indeed, an average juror lacks such an advanced expertise to distinguish between ‘junk science’ and ‘good science’ therefore; the Court expunges then to eliminate dubious evidence. Howeve r, there could have been a mistake made by jurors in this particular elimination of the ‘dubious evidence’ The Court juror never bought the evidence and attempted to validate the functionality of the system. Therefore, the state’s case had a number of hard questions unanswered leaving the juror with a single option to acquit the accused. Charging someone with murder must result from the evidence of how she is killed or why one might have killed someone. Also, it calls for where, when why and how someone was killed or might have been killed. However, the prosecutor relied on junk science that had never answered a single question. Indeed,